THE OKLAHOMA BAR JOURNAL 40 | APRIL 2024 Statements or opinions expressed in the Oklahoma Bar Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Oklahoma Bar Association, its officers, Board of Governors, Board of Editors or staff. ENDNOTES 1. 599 U.S. 382 (2023). 2. 11 U.S.C. §106(a)(1) (waiving sovereign immunity for a “governmental unit” in certain provisions of the code). 3. 11 U.S.C. §101(27) (defining “governmental unit” as “United States; State; Commonwealth; District; Territory; municipality; foreign state ... a State, a Commonwealth, a District, a Territory, a municipality, or a foreign state; or other foreign or domestic government”). 4. See 11 U.S.C. §§109(a), 101(41). 5. 1 Cohen’s Handbook of Federal Indian Law §4.01 (2023). 6. See generally, United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313, 323-24 (1978); Id. §21.02. 7. United States v. Lara, 541 U.S. 193, 202 (2004). 8. See Major Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. §1153); Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. §2701); Charles F. Wilkinson and Eric R. Biggs, “The Evolution of the Termination Policy,” 5 A. Ind. L. Rev. 139, 151–154 (1977). 9. Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community, 572 U.S. 782, 790 (2014). 10. Id. 11. Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Rsrv. v. Wold Eng’g, 476 U.S. 877, 890 (1986). 12. See Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe, 498 U.S. 505 (1991), (holding that the tribe was entitled to sovereign immunity after Oklahoma attempted to collect taxes on cigarettes sold by a tribally owned convenience store on tribal trust land); Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Mfg. Techs., Inc., 523 U.S. 751 (1998) (holding that tribe’s sovereign immunity would not be abrogated without clear congressional intent even for commercial activity occurring off tribal lands). 13. 629 F.3d 1173 (10th Cir. 2010). 14. Id. at 1192. 15. Id. at 1195. 16. Id. 17. Id. 18. 375 F. Supp. 3d 638, 645 (E.D. Va. 2019). 19. Id. at 648-49. 20. Id. at 651. 21. Id. at 654. 22. Id. at 655-56. 23. Id. at 657. 24. Id. at 660. 25. In re Santa Ysabel Resort and Casino, Case No. 12-09415-PB11 (Bankr. S.D. Cal. 2012). 26. See Laura N. Coordes, “Beyond the Bankruptcy Code: A New Statutory Bankruptcy Regime for Tribal Debtors,” 35 Emory Bankr. Dev. J. 363, 378 (2019). 27. County of San Diego’s Motion to Dismiss Debtor’s Bankruptcy Case; Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support Thereof, In re Santa Ysabel Resort and Casino, Case No. 12-09415-PB11 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 7, 2012). (available at https://bit.ly/3vd7QPk); Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Motion to Dismiss Bankruptcy Case for Lack of Eligibility and Authority, In re Santa Ysabel Resort and Casino, Case No. 12-09415-PB11 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 2012) (available at https://bit.ly/3ItHNGL); Acting United States Trustee’s Motion to Dismiss Case, In re Santa Ysabel Resort and Casino, Case No. 12-09415-PB11 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 7, 2012) (available at https://bit.ly/3V8Y2kf). 28. Minute Order, In re Santa Ysabel Resort and Casino, Case No. 12-09415-PB11 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 4, 2012), available at https://bit.ly/3vd8axw. 29. See Coordes, supra note 26. 30. See 11 U.S.C. §101(27) (defining “governmental unit” as “United States; State; Commonwealth; District; Territory; municipality; foreign state ... a State, a Commonwealth, a District, a Territory, a municipality, or a foreign state; or other foreign or domestic government”). 31. 357 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2004). 32. Id. at 1057 (citing Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1, 13 (1831)). 33. Id. at 1058. 34. 917 F.3d 451 (6th Cir. 2019), abrogated by Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin, 599 U.S. 382 (2023). 35. For example, Congress had already expressly mentioned tribes in prior statutes, yet it made no mention of them in the Bankruptcy Code. See, e.g., Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. §§6972(a)(1)(A), 6903(13), 6903(15) (authorizing suits against an “Indian tribe”); Safe Water Drinking Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. §§300j-9(i)(2)(A), 300f(10), 300f(12) (authorizing suits against an “Indian tribe”). 36. 599 U.S. 382 (2023). 37. Id. at 385. 38. Id. 39. Id. at 386. 40. Id. at 389. 41. Id. at 390. 42. Id. at 393. 43. Id. at 391. 44. Id. at 399. 45. 11 U.S.C. §§109(a)-(c), 101(41). 46. 25 U.S.C. §2710(b)(2)(A). 47. See Coordes, supra note 26, at 382. 48. Id. 49. Id.
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